Licorice Root and Pregnancy? Why Doctors Say to Avoid It

Pregnancy is a critical time for careful consideration about dietary and lifestyle choices, including the use of herbal remedies like licorice root. Popular in teas, supplements, and skincare products, licorice root is often debated for its safety during pregnancy.

While it may seem harmless or even healthy due to its plant-based origin and longstanding role in traditional medicine, emerging research has highlighted concerns about its use during this sensitive time.

This blog explores detailed scientific insights to help expecting parents understand the potential risks and make informed decisions about licorice root.

What Is Licorice Root?

Licorice root comes from the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra, native to regions in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East [*]. Historically, licorice root has been utilized in various traditional medicinal systems, including Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine [*]. It contains a compound known as glycyrrhizin, which provides the characteristic sweetness and therapeutic properties. In fact, glycyrrhizin is estimated to be up to 50 times sweeter than sugar [*].

It is typically available in various forms, including teas, extracts, capsules, candies, lozenges, and even tinctures. Its sweet taste makes it especially appealing in culinary and herbal preparations. In modern times, it’s also commonly added to cough syrups and herbal throat lozenges due to its soothing effects [*].

What Are the Benefits of Licorice Root?

Licorice root offers numerous potential health benefits, backed by traditional use and some scientific research:

• Digestive Health: Licorice root is commonly used to soothe digestive issues such as heartburn, stomach ulcers, and indigestion. It may help protect the stomach lining by increasing mucus production and reducing acid irritation [*].
• Anti-inflammatory Effects: It helps alleviate inflammation and has been studied for relief from conditions like arthritis and skin irritations [*].
• Respiratory Support: Traditionally, licorice root has been used to reduce coughs, bronchitis symptoms, and sore throats due to its soothing and expectorant properties. It may help thin mucus and make it easier to expel [*].
• Immune Support: Licorice has antiviral and antibacterial properties that can help support immune health. It has been evaluated for its role in fighting certain viral infections and boosting the body’s natural defenses [*].
• Skin Benefits: Often incorporated into skincare products, licorice root extract may help reduce hyperpigmentation, soothe irritated skin, and reduce inflammation associated with acne. Its anti-inflammatory and brightening properties make it popular in products for sensitive skin and pregnancy-related melasma [*].

Despite these potential benefits, it is crucial for pregnant individuals to evaluate its safety — especially in concentrated or frequent doses. As always, consult your healthcare provider before using any product that isn't clearly established as safe during pregnancy.

Is Licorice Root Safe for Pregnancy?

Licorice root is generally considered unsafe during pregnancy. Extensive scientific research has revealed concerns about its primary active compound, glycyrrhizin [*]. Consuming glycyrrhizin during pregnancy is associated with significant risks, such as impaired placental function, increased blood pressure, hormonal disruption, and potential developmental impacts on the baby [*].

A notable study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that high licorice consumption during pregnancy was associated with lower cognitive performance and an increased likelihood of behavioral problems in children [*]. While more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms, the current body of evidence leans toward caution.

Why May Licorice Root Be Bad for Pregnancy?

The risks associated with licorice root during pregnancy are mainly linked to glycyrrhizin, which exhibits potent physiological effects:

Placental Health and Fetal Growth

Glycyrrhizin consumption has been shown to affect placental blood flow negatively, potentially impairing nutrient and oxygen delivery to the fetus [*]. This reduced blood flow can lead to fetal growth restriction, lower birth weights, and increased chances of premature birth. In essence, licorice root can interfere with the placenta’s ability to nourish the baby effectively [*].

Blood Pressure and Risk of Pre-Eclampsia

Licorice root can increase sodium retention and lower potassium levels, elevating blood pressure [*]. High blood pressure is a critical concern during pregnancy, as it can significantly increase the risk of pre-eclampsia, a severe pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and potential organ damage [*]. This makes licorice root particularly risky for women already dealing with blood pressure concerns.

Hormonal Imbalance

Glycyrrhizin closely mimics cortisol, the body's primary stress hormone [*]. Elevated cortisol levels during pregnancy can disrupt fetal brain development and lead to long-term health consequences [*]. Some studies suggest that high cortisol exposure in utero may be linked to higher stress reactivity, mood disorders, and behavioral issues in children [*].

Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes

Long-term observational studies suggest prenatal exposure to licorice root can negatively impact the child's neurodevelopment [*]. Possible outcomes include attention deficit disorders, anxiety, learning difficulties, and decreased cognitive performance [*]. Researchers hypothesize that glycyrrhizin affects the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a critical system involved in stress regulation and brain development [*].

Is Licorice Root in Skincare Bad for Pregnancy?

Topically applied licorice root in skincare is generally considered safer than ingestion, primarily due to minimal systemic absorption [*]. However, due to potential trace absorption and the highly sensitive nature of pregnancy, caution is still advisable. Healthcare providers typically recommend using alternative ingredients known to be safe during pregnancy to minimize any potential risk [*].

If you’re unsure whether a skincare product is safe, check the label for ingredients such as Glycyrrhiza glabra extract or consult a dermatologist or OB-GYN. Skincare concentrations tend to be lower than supplements, but consistent use over time could still lead to small amounts entering the bloodstream [*].

I Ate Licorice While Pregnant; Should I Worry?

Occasional or accidental small quantities of licorice consumption generally pose minimal immediate risk [*]. For example, one piece of licorice candy or a single cup of tea with trace amounts of root extract is unlikely to cause harm. However, regular or large consumption should prompt a discussion with your healthcare provider to assess any potential concerns.

Your doctor can provide personalized recommendations based on your dietary habits and overall health status. Keeping a food or supplement journal can also be helpful if you’re unsure how much you’ve consumed.

Pregnancy-Safe Licorice Root Alternatives

If you seek similar therapeutic benefits during pregnancy, several safe alternatives exist:

Supplements

• Ginger: Effective for nausea relief, digestion, and mild anti-inflammatory properties. Ginger chews, teas, and capsules are widely regarded as safe and effective for morning sickness [*].
• Chamomile: Known for calming effects, helping with relaxation, anxiety, and improved sleep quality. Opt for German chamomile in moderation and ensure it’s not blended with other potentially harmful herbs [*].
• Probiotics: Support digestive health, promoting a balanced microbiome and reducing gastrointestinal discomfort. Probiotics are commonly recommended during pregnancy for both maternal and infant gut health [*].

Teas

• Peppermint Tea: Beneficial for digestion, reducing nausea and indigestion. It also has a mild calming effect and is widely used during early pregnancy [*].
• Lemon Balm Tea: Provides calming effects, easing anxiety and promoting restful sleep. Lemon balm is considered safe in moderation [*].
• Red Raspberry Leaf Tea: Often recommended to support uterine health and prepare for labor. It should be avoided in the first and second trimesters unless otherwise directed by a healthcare provider.

Skincare

• Aloe Vera: Natural and safe, aloe vera helps soothe, hydrate, and reduce skin inflammation. Look for 100% pure aloe gel with minimal additives [*].
• Vitamin C Serums: Offer brightening and antioxidant benefits safely, reducing pigmentation issues common during pregnancy. Use morning or night under sunscreen [*].
• Hyaluronic Acid: Provides safe hydration, improving skin elasticity and reducing dryness without harmful effects. It’s pregnancy-safe and works well for all skin types [*].

The Bottom Line

Considering the available scientific evidence, licorice root poses considerable risks during pregnancy due to its active compound, glycyrrhizin.

While it may be tempting to turn to natural remedies during pregnancy, it's important to remember that 'natural' doesn't always mean 'safe' — especially when it comes to fetal development.

The risks associated with licorice root are not just theoretical; they’ve been documented in multiple peer-reviewed studies and supported by reputable health organizations.

Avoiding licorice root is a small but impactful step you can take to protect your baby’s brain development, hormonal health, and overall growth. By opting for safer herbal alternatives and consulting your healthcare provider, you can enjoy the benefits of herbal support without compromising your pregnancy.

Every ingredient you consume has the potential to shape your baby’s future, and informed choices make all the difference.

About MiracleCord

At MiracleCord, we’re committed to helping expecting parents navigate pregnancy complexities with clear, evidence-based information. Whether you're scanning tea labels, analyzing ingredient lists, or steering clear of sneaky herbs like licorice root, we're here to help simplify those choices.

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