Can You Take Echinacea While Pregnant?

Herbal products containing echinacea remain among the most commonly used supplements in the United States, particularly for boosting the immune system.

But when it comes to using echinacea during pregnancy, is it safe? Let’s explore the available evidence and provide clarity on this issue.

What Is Echinacea?

Echinacea purpurea is a native medicinal plant out of North America that has been widely used for centuries for its therapeutic properties. It was initially used by Native American tribes for treating various ailments such as toothaches, throat pain, and even snake bites [*].

Echinacea is full of a variety of beneficial compounds, like water-soluble polysaccharides (such as arabinoxylan and arabinogalactan), caffeic acid derivatives (including cichoric and caftaric acids), isobutylamides, flavonoids (like quercetin and kaempferol), and polyacetylenes. These compounds are behind many of echinacea’s well-known effects, like reducing inflammation, fighting off fungi, viruses, and bacteria, and supporting the immune system [*].

The herb stimulates the production of white blood cells, enhancing the body’s ability to defend against infections. Echinacea is also used to treat respiratory issues, colds, and other illnesses due to its potent antiviral and antimicrobial properties [*].

Is Echinacea Safe During Pregnancy?

The use of echinacea during pregnancy is not fully recommended without medical supervision. While it is a popular supplement, there are concerns about its safety, particularly regarding its potential impact on fetal development.

One study looked at the impact of echinacea-based medicines (which contain alcoholic extracts) given to pregnant mice. They focused on how these treatments influenced blood vessel formation and the production of two important growth factors, VEGF and bFGF, which help regulate blood vessel growth. The results suggested that echinacea could potentially affect angiogenesis, which could have some serious implications for fetal development [*].

Another study in Norway found that echinacea use during pregnancy didn’t increase the risk of birth defects or complications. Among 68,522 women, only 363 used echinacea, and there was no link to adverse outcomes. This supports earlier research showing that using echinacea in the first trimester is safe.

Experts generally agree that echinacea is safe in recommended doses during pregnancy, but caution is advised due to the limited research [*].

Potential Benefits of Echinacea While Pregnant

While there are concerns regarding its use during pregnancy, echinacea still offers some potential health benefits.

Immune System Support

Studies have shown that Echinacea can enhance the activity of key immune cells like NK cells and T-cells, as well as support B-cell responses, all of which are crucial for maintaining a healthy immune system during pregnancy.

During pregnancy, you are more susceptible to infections like colds and flu due to changes in your immune system, so echinacea’s immune-boosting properties might offer additional protection [*].

Anti-inflammatory Effects

Echinacea’s anti-inflammatory properties could help reduce inflammation triggered by infections or other pregnancy-related issues. By inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, echinacea may reduce discomfort associated with inflammation [*].

Potential Risks of Echinacea During Pregnancy

Despite its potential benefits, there are several risks associated with using echinacea during pregnancy, particularly in relation to fetal development.

Interference With Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis, which is the process of blood vessel formation, is important during pregnancy for healthy fetal development. If something messes with this process, it can cause serious developmental problems.

For example, thalidomide blocks angiogenesis and can potentially cause major birth defects. Other compounds like certain antibiotics, theobromine, caffeic acid, and catechins have also been shown to affect the immune system in ways that could impact pregnancy, especially in animal studies [*].

Potential Drug Interactions

There are 438 known drug interactions with echinacea, such as immunosuppressants or drugs that affect the liver. Pregnant individuals taking medications should consult their healthcare provider before using echinacea to avoid possible drug interactions [*].

How Much Echinacea Can I Take When Pregnant?

Some studies suggest echinacea is safe in moderation and non-teratogenic, meaning it doesn't cause birth defects. However, ongoing research means it's best to consult your healthcare provider before using it while pregnant or breastfeeding.

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) advises against using Echinacea during pregnancy unless recommended by a doctor [*][*].

If your doctor approves, the recommended dose of echinacea will vary for each individual. There is no officially safe dose during pregnancy due to varying product quality and limited research [*].

Can You Drink Echinacea Tea While Pregnant?

Drinking echinacea tea during pregnancy is not recommended unless advised by your doctor. If you’re looking to soothe a sore throat with a cup of tea, opt for a decaffeinated lemon ginger tea with honey instead [*].

Can You Take Echinacea While Breastfeeding?

When it comes to breastfeeding, more caution is advised. There’s less research on the safety of echinacea during lactation, so it's best to avoid using it until more evidence is available.

Some studies suggest that while echinacea might not directly harm your baby, it’s better to err on the side of caution and talk to your healthcare provider before taking echinacea while breastfeeding [*].

Pregnancy-Safe Echinacea Alternatives

Echinacea is often used for colds, but its safety during pregnancy isn’t fully clear. Luckily, there are safer, pregnancy-friendly options to support your immune system and ease cold symptoms. Here are a few worth considering:

For Immune Support

• Prenatal Vitamins: Specifically formulated for pregnancy, prenatal vitamins help fill nutritional gaps and support your baby’s development. They typically include key nutrients like folic acid, iron, and DHA to promote healthy growth and reduce the risk of birth defects [*].
• Vitamin C: Known for its immune-boosting properties, Vitamin C is a safe option during pregnancy. Foods rich in Vitamin C, like oranges, strawberries, and bell peppers, can help strengthen your immune system [*].
• Vitamin D: Vitamin D supports bone health and immunity, making it essential during pregnancy. It also helps your body absorb calcium and supports your baby’s bone development. Get it from sunlight, fortified milk, salmon, or egg yolks [*].
• Zinc: Zinc is essential for your immune system, and is safe during pregnancy. It’s found in foods like beans, nuts, and dairy products [*].

For Treating Sickness

• Honey: Honey is a great natural alternative to echinacea during pregnancy, as it helps soothe sore throats, relieves coughs, and has antibacterial properties, all while being safe for both you and your baby [*].
• Ginger Tea: Ginger is a great alternative for nausea relief and can also help with cold and flu symptoms. It’s generally considered safe for pregnant women in moderation [*].
• Peppermint Tea: Peppermint can help relieve congestion, ease nausea, and soothe an upset stomach. It's a safe option for pregnant women when consumed in moderate amounts [*].
• Garlic: Known for its natural antibacterial and antiviral properties, garlic can help fight off infections. Adding fresh garlic to meals or drinking garlic-infused water may be a safe, natural remedy for cold and flu symptoms during pregnancy [*].

The Bottom Line

Echinacea during pregnancy may be safe in moderation, but risks remain. Some studies show it doesn’t cause birth defects, but animal research suggests it could affect fetal blood vessel formation.

Due to the limited research on its effects during human pregnancy, it’s best to consult a doctor first.

There are plenty of alternatives to echinacea that are safe for pregnancy.

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